Density and community structure of breeding birds in Macedonian pine Pinus peuce forests in Bulgaria

نویسنده

  • STOYAN C. NIKOLOV
چکیده

Breeding bird density and community structure in Macedonian pine forests were studied during 3 successive years (2004-2006) in the Pirin national park, Bulgaria. Bird sampling, using point counts, recorded 2583 birds belonging to 31 species. The relative density was computed for the most abundant 20 species by the DISTANCE software. The results show that Macedonian pine forests hold significant numbers of willow and coal tits, treecreeper, nutcracker, chaffinch and bullfinch and act as a potential “reservoir” for these species, not only regionally, but also on a national and possibly European scale. The overall bird density in the Macedonian pine forest was very similar to the mean overall bird density in the European temperate coniferous forests and was unstable among years. The variability was due mainly to the fluctuations in abundances of permanent residents and, to a lesser extent, short-distance migrants. However, the abundance of long-distance migrants remained relatively stable. A comparison with a previous study (from the 1970s) showed little evidence of significant changes in bird densities in this habitat over the past 40 years. Riassunto – Densità e struttura della comunità di uccelli nidificanti nelle foreste di Pinus peuce in Bulgaria. – Nel corso di 3 stagioni riproduttive successive (2004-2006), sono state studiate le densità e la struttura della comunità degli uccelli nidificanti nelle foreste di P. peuce nel parco nazionale Pirin (Bulgaria). Durante i censimenti, effettuati mediante punti d’ascolto, sono stati contattati 2583 individui appartenenti a 31 specie. La densità è stata stimata per le 20 specie più abbondanti mediante il software DISTANCE. I risultati mostrano che le foreste di P. peuce ospitano significative densità di cincia bigia alpestre, cincia mora, rampichino alpestre, nocciolaia, fringuello e ciuffolotto, tanto da rappresentare un potenziale “serbatoio” per queste specie, non solo a scala regionale, ma potenzialmente anche a scala europea. La densità complessiva degli uccelli nidificanti è simile a quella mediamente riscontrata nelle foreste di conifere delle aree temperate europee e relativamente instabile tra anni. Tale variabilità è essenzialmente dovuta a fluttuazioni di abbondanza delle specie residenti e, in misura minore, dei migratori a corto raggio. Le abbondanze dei migratori a lunga distanza sono invece relativamente stabili tra anni. Il confronto con uno studio condotto in precedenza (negli anni ’70 del secolo scorso) non evidenzia significativi cambiamenti nelle densità di uccelli nidificanti in questo ambiente nell’arco degli ultimi 40 anni. © 2007 CISO – Centro Italiano Studi Ornitologici 53 Nikolov impaginato 26-11-2007 11:01 Pagina 53

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تاریخ انتشار 2007